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An algorithm is a finite, well-defined sequence of steps designed to solve a problem or perform a computation. It is language-independent and can be expressed in pseudocode, flowcharts, or natural language. For example, finding the largest of three numbers involves comparing them step-by-step until the largest is identified .
Key characteristics of a good algorithm include:
Finiteness – must terminate after a finite number of steps.
Definiteness – each step is clear and unambiguous.
Input – zero or more well-defined inputs.
Output – at least one well-defined result.
Effectiveness – feasible steps executable with available resources.
Generality – applicable to a range of problems.
Efficiency – optimized for time and space usage .
Asymptotic Notations describe algorithm efficiency as input size grows:
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