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The Banker’s Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance method used in operating systems to ensure that resource allocation always keeps the system in a safe state. It works similarly to how a banker ensures loans are only given if the bank can still satisfy all customers’ maximum demands.
It uses four main data structures:
Available: Array showing available instances of each resource type.
Max: Matrix showing maximum demand of each process.
Allocation: Matrix showing currently allocated resources.
Need: Matrix showing remaining resources required (Need = Max - Allocation).
Safety Algorithm (checks if the system is in a safe state):
Initialize Work = Available and Finish[i] = false for all processes.
Find a process Pi such that Finish[i] == false and Need[i] <= Work.
If found, allocate its resources virtually: Work = Work + Allocation[i] Finish[i] = true
Repeat until all processes are finished. If all Finish[i] are true, the system is safe.
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