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Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, and Python offers a clean syntax to implement them efficiently. They can be sorting, searching, graph traversal, dynamic programming, or greedy approaches depending on the problem type.
Below is a practical example of Merge Sort, a classic divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm that splits a list into halves, sorts each half, and merges them back together.
def merge_sort(arr):if len(arr) <= 1:return arr# Divide the array into two halvesmid = len(arr) // 2left_half = merge_sort(arr[:mid])right_half = merge_sort(arr[mid:])return merge(left_half, right_half)def merge(left, right):result = []i = j = 0# Merge two sorted halveswhile i < len(left) and j < len(right):if left[i] <= right[j]:result.append(left[i])i += 1else:result.append(right[j])j += 1# Append remaining elementsresult.extend(left[i:])result.extend(right[j:])return result# Example usagearr = [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10]sorted_arr = merge_sort(arr)print("Sorted array:", sorted_arr)Copied!✕Copy Algorithms Tutorials – Real Python
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