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Integrating C code into Python can significantly improve performance or allow reuse of existing C libraries. There are several modern approaches to achieve this, each with different complexity and flexibility.
ctypes (Standard Library)
Steps:
Compile your C code into a shared library (.so on Linux, .dll on Windows, .dylib on macOS).
gcc -shared -o libsample.so -fPIC work.cCopied!✕CopyLoad the library in Python using ctypes:
import ctypes, oslib = ctypes.CDLL(os.path.abspath("libsample.so"))# Define function signatureslib.gcd.argtypes = (ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int)lib.gcd.restype = ctypes.c_intresult = lib.gcd(48, 18)print("GCD:", result)Copied!✕CopyEnsure argument and return types are set correctly to avoid data conversion issues.
Pros: No extra installation, direct loading of shared libraries. Cons: Manual type definitions for complex structures.
CFFI (C Foreign Function Interface)
Steps:
Install CFFI:
pip install cffiCopied!✕CopyCreate a Python build script:
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CFFI provides a simple to use mechanism for interfacing with C from both CPython and PyPy.
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